证券化的若干基本问题

证券化是一种新型的融资工具。与发行股票、债券以及担保贷款等传统型融资相比 ,证券化有着很大的不同。这种不同主要表现在证券化的多面性或复杂性上。正是证券化所具有的完全不同于传统型融资的多面性的特点 ,使它成为一种新型的整合融资。     

“泛安全化”倾向与东亚军备安全风险

伴随着世界格局的更迭与国际形势的变化，安全问题在国家间交往中被关注的程度愈益加深，新的地缘环境和国际背景催生了“泛安全化”倾向。近年来，以地缘热点问题为中心，东亚地缘环境发生了一系列的新变化，南海问题博弈加剧、朝鲜半岛安全威胁增大、域内领土争端难以解决、日本政治军事大国战略提速、台海两岸关系微妙紧张起来、域外国家频繁插手东亚事务等，致使整个东亚地区在传统安全和非传统安全领域呈现“泛安全化”的不良倾向。这种状况在影响东亚地缘格局走势的同时，也给该地区带来了多层次、多领域的地缘安全风险，并触及敏感的军备安全问题。从东亚地区具有代表性国家的军费及防务支出占国内生产总值的比重来看，目前东亚部分国家军备发展状况相对合理。不过，由于域内复杂多样化的不确定因素、域外势力介入的不可测性以及东亚军备安全的整体庞杂和结构复杂的突出状况，致使整个地区的军备安全前景面临着多种可能性。东亚国家应开展“去安全化”的新型地区合作，推动建立地区性的军备安全风险管控机制，构建新型军备发展与军备安全关系，共同增进东亚地区的安全与和平。     

WTO＂利益＂问题探析：非违法之诉视角

WTO争端的核心是利益的争端，“违法之诉”与“非违法之诉”的成立要件都包含“本协议项下直接或间接获得的利益”，但两者“利益”的具体含义却是不同的。WTO非违法之诉成立的基本要件之一是依据相关协议所获得的直接或间接的利益受到抵销或减损，并且这种利益具有预期性，是信赖利益。在非违法之诉中，由于针对的是不与WTO相关协议相抵触的政府措施，因而对于“利益”的具体含义的分析和判定尤为重要。如果对“利益”的理解不加以必要的限制，则会出现其在WTO争端解决机制中被滥用的风险。     

刑事认证如何进行——以认知心理学为研究进路

了解认证的形成过程是完善认证制度的基础。认知心理学认为,认证的过程就是一个问题解决的过程。由于如何正确认证属于非明确限定性问题,具有模糊性,因此需更多地依靠启发式策略来解决,认证结论受到多种因素的影响,认证标准是内心确信。     

公示催告制度之完善

公示催告程序是一项重的司法程序，但由于我国长期以来对非讼程序重视程度存在欠缺，导致公示催告程序存在诸多实务缺陷，在救济方式上可操作性差。应完善现有公示催告立案审查程序、发布时间及救济途径，以期更好地体现该程序的社会价值。     

From Armed Neutrality to External Dependence: Swiss Security in the 21st Century

Abstract: Historically, Swiss identity was founded on beliefs in federalism, direct democracy and armed neutrality. Given continued popular support for autonomous self‐defense in an era of transnational threats, it is worth examining whether a small economically interdependent state, such as Switzerland, is single‐handedly capable of providing for its own security. To preview our conclusions, every facet of Switzerland’s security, whether against military threats, terrorism or natural disasters, today benefits from substantial international inputs. At base, Switzerland’s increasing security dependence has been driven by the following dynamics: 1) the general development of institutionalized international cooperation; 2) the evolving nature of the threats Switzerland faces; and 3) political efforts to “securitize” issues not hitherto considered as security problems. Because Swiss security dependence owes more to broad structural factors than deliberate choices, policymakers would be better off embracing this reality by proactively using international organizations to address transnational challenges.     

债权让与的优先顺序与公示制度

债权让与的优先顺序,即债权让与对抗债务人以外第三人的效力问题,系债法上分歧最大的问题之一,事关保理、资产证券化等现代债权融资交易发展,且为拓宽中小企业、农户等弱势当事人融资渠道的关键因素之一,具有深层次社会经济意义。运用“制度内情境分析法”,依次考察让与主义、通知主义、登记主义三种主要制度对各方当事人及第三人的影响,可发现登记主义更为公平、更有效率。各国的历史与经验证据支持此结论。中国合同法对此未作规定,存在不足。物权法新创应收账款质押登记制度,越来越多的债权转让亦可能在该系统登记。未来有必要对债权完全让与及担保性让与采统一登记制度。债权让与登记制,表明公示原则为适用于一切财产权转让的基本原则,性质为财产法总则上的原则。     

浅谈行政指导的诉讼救济

行政指导作为一种非强制性行政行为，被广泛运用于市场经济国家的经济与行政管理过程中。由于缺乏法律法规规范，行政指导侵犯行政相对人权益的事实大量存在，因此，有必要规范行政指导行为。为防止行政指导的滥用、失误，并充分发挥其功效，必须将行政指导纳入法制化轨道，完善其法律法规的构建，并在诉讼中注意举证责任分配和明确当事人的相关责任。     

Colonization with Chinese characteristics: politics of (in)security in Xinjiang and Tibet

ABSTRACT

China as a victim rather than a proponent of modern colonialism is an essential myth that animates Chinese nationalism. The Chinese statist project of occupying, minoritizing and securitizing different ethno-national peoples of Central Asia, such as Uyghurs and Tibetans, with their own claims to homelands, is a colonial project. Focusing on China’s securitized and militarized rule in Xinjiang and Tibet, the article will argue that the most appropriate lens through which this can be understood is neither nation-building nor internal colonialism but modern colonialism. It argues that the representation of Uyghurs and Tibetans as sources of insecurity not only legitimizes state violence as a securitizing practice but also serves contemporary Chinese colonial goals.     

The Wang Lixiong prophecy: ‘Palestinization’ in Xinjiang and the consequences of Chinese state securitization of religion

ABSTRACT

In Your Western Regions, My Turkestan (2007), Chinese dissident Wang Lixiong warned of the ‘Palestinization’ of the Xinjiang question, defined as reaching ‘a critical point in time’ where Uyghurs and Han Chinese enter an interminable ‘ethnic war’. Following the knife attack on Han civilians in Kunming (2014), seen by many as an act of Uyghur terror, Wang reminded us that he had foreseen this trajectory seven years earlier. This article outlines Wang’s six interpretations of ‘Palestinization’ in the Xinjiang context, then shows how tightened regulations on religion and intrusive religious policing was the main catalyst for local retaliatory violence in 2012–2015. I contend that state securitization of religion was counterproductive, heightening societal insecurity and promoting inter-ethnic conflict between Uyghur and Han communities. In Chen Quanguo’s era of ‘de-extremification’, the state’s purported attempt to ‘purify’ Islamic practice continues to be experienced on the ground as violation of pure, halal space.